Adult, non-breeding, horses previously vaccinated against EHV: Frequent vaccination of non-pregnant mature horses with EHV vaccines is generally not indicated as clinical respiratory disease is infrequent in horses over 4 years of age.
It is recommended that the following horses be revaccinated at 6-month intervals:. A 4 to 6 week interval between doses is recommended. Pregnant mares: Vaccinate during the fifth, seventh, and ninth months of gestation using an inactivated EHV-1 vaccine licensed for prevention of abortion.
Many veterinarians also recommend a dose during the third month of gestation and some recommend a dose at the time of breeding. Maternal antibody passively transferred to foals from vaccinated mares may decrease the incidence of respiratory disease in foals, but infection is common in these foals and may result in clinical disease and establishment of the carrier state. Barren mares at breeding facilities: Vaccinate before the start of the breeding season and thereafter based on risk of exposure.
Stallions and teasers: Vaccinate before the start of the breeding season and thereafter based on risk of exposure. Administer the third dose at 10 to 12 months of age. Immunity following vaccination appears to be short-lived and it is recommended that foals and young horses be revaccinated at 6-month intervals. The benefit of intensive vaccination programs directed against EHV-1 and EHV-4 in foals and young horses is not clearly defined because, despite frequent vaccination, infection and clinical disease continue to occur.
In the face of an outbreak, horses at high risk of infection, and consequent transmission of infection, may be revaccinated. Administration of a booster vaccination is likely to be of some value if there is a history of vaccination. The simplest approach is to vaccinate all horses in the exposure area—independent of their vaccination history. If horses are known to be unvaccinated, the single dose may still produce some protection.
It is essential to understand that strict quarantine, isolation, and monitoring protocols are more effective at controlling outbreaks than any vaccination protocol.
Controversy persists among experts regarding possible association between frequent vaccination against EHV and the risk of developing EHM. The absence of any controlled challenge studies designed to examine this question makes it unwise to offer any definitive conclusion.
Horses having been naturally infected and recovered: Horses with a history of EHV infection and disease, including neurological disease, are likely to have immunity consequent to the infection that can be expected to last for 3 to 6 months longer in older horses. Booster vaccination can be resumed 6 months after the disease occurrence.
No vaccines are labeled to prevent EHM, but in the case of an outbreak, veterinarians may vaccinate nearby horses who are not yet showing signs of illness to limit shedding of the virus and help control the spread of the illness. For foals, the recommendation is to vaccinate at 4 to 6 months of age, with one booster administered four to six weeks later, followed by a second booster at the age of 10 to 12 months.
Thereafter, boosters are suggested at six-month intervals for at-risk horses. Pregnant mares may be vaccinated during the fifth, seventh and ninth month of pregnancy, both to prevent abortion and to confer immunity to the foal. Your veterinarian will help you determine whether vaccines against EHV are appropriate for your horse. EHV spreads readily via direct nose-to-nose contact, from contact with infected surfaces, through shared feed and water, and from airborne droplets exhaled by an infected horse.
Recent studies show that under the right conditions, the virus can survive up to 21 days or more in water, and it can persist for hours or days on hard surfaces.
When at shows or on trails, avoid letting your horse greet others nose to nose. EHV can also travel via airborne droplets, so a distance of eight to 10 feet is safer. Keep a separate set of grooming tools, buckets and other equipment for each horse in your care, and avoid borrowing or sharing these items at horse shows.
One handy way to organize your tools is to assign each horse a color and use multicolored electrical tapes to tag his gear. Make it a habit to wash with soap or use a hand sanitizer before moving on to the next horse.
A few conveniently placed bottles of sanitizer around the barn can make this habit easier. A horse who has been exposed to EHV may incubate the virus for up to two weeks before showing signs of illness, and he might be shedding the virus during that time. Keep any new horse separate from the resident herd for at least two weeks. In the barn, place the new horse in an end stall, and position fans to direct airflow out a door or window rather than toward other horses.
If you frequently travel with your horse, check his temperature twice daily for three days before each trip and continuing up to five days afterward.
If you detect a fever, isolate the horse from others and contact your veterinarian. Don't miss out! With the free weekly EQUUS newsletter, you'll get the latest horse health information delivered right to your in basket!
Behavioral Problems. Medications and Drugs. Horse Care. Farm and Ranch. Hoof Care. It will also relieve the aches that go along with the flu making the horse feel better so he will eat and drink.
Just like humans, horses can get bloody noses simply due to a disruption of a small blood vessel in a nasal passage. A bloody nose can also be due to bleeding from the lungs most common during exercise or from large blood vessels within the guttural pouch most common with an infection. Every horse should have a veterinary examination twice per year.
How often? A primary course of two vaccinations given four to six weeks apart, followed by a booster 12 months later. Subsequent vaccinations can be given at two yearly intervals. Vaccines are available to help prevent respiratory disease and abortions associated with EHV and reduce viremia the presence of the virus in the blood. Since EHV is a risk-based vaccine, talk to your veterinarian to help decide if your horse is at risk.
To reduce the incidence of abortion due to EHV-1 infection, pregnant mares should be vaccinated during the 5th, 7th and 9th month of pregnancy with a single 1. Following the successful implementation of protocols for horses returning to the UK who might potentially have been impacted by the EHV-1 outbreak in Europe, British Equestrian is pleased to report that the disease risk in the UK is nearing normal levels.
Generally horses require at least 30 days complete rest after infection, or longer if they suffer a fever for more than 4 days.
Like people with influenza, individual horses recover at different rates. Small amounts of clear discharge from equine nostrils is considered a normal finding. White discharge is commonly associated with viral or allergic processes. Yellow discharge tends to be associated with bacterial infection.
Green nasal discharge can indicate feed material within it.
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